[{"command":"openDialog","selector":"#drupal-modal","settings":null,"data":"\u003Cdiv id=\u0022republish_modal_form\u0022\u003E\u003Cform class=\u0022modal-form-example-modal-form ecl-form\u0022 data-drupal-selector=\u0022modal-form-example-modal-form\u0022 action=\u0022\/en\/article\/modal\/7414\u0022 method=\u0022post\u0022 id=\u0022modal-form-example-modal-form\u0022 accept-charset=\u0022UTF-8\u0022\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHorizon articles can be republished for free under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EYou must give appropriate credit. We ask you to do this by:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n 1) Using the original journalist\u0027s byline\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n 2) Linking back to our original story\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n 3) Using the following text in the footer: This article was originally published in \u003Ca href=\u0027#\u0027\u003EHorizon, the EU Research and Innovation magazine\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003ESee our full republication guidelines \u003Ca href=\u0027\/horizon-magazine\/republish-our-stories\u0027\u003Ehere\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EHTML for this article, including the attribution and page view counter, is below:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textarea form-item-body-content js-form-item-body-content ecl-form-group ecl-form-group--text-area form-no-label ecl-u-mv-m\u0022\u003E\n \n\u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Ctextarea data-drupal-selector=\u0022edit-body-content\u0022 aria-describedby=\u0022edit-body-content--description\u0022 id=\u0022edit-body-content\u0022 name=\u0022body_content\u0022 rows=\u00225\u0022 cols=\u002260\u0022 class=\u0022form-textarea ecl-text-area\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ECar parts, ski boots and boxes: How broken or used plastic is being given new life\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018Worldwide, the challenge (for a circular economy) remains to establish innovative processes for recycling plastic waste,\u2019 said Costas Charitidis, a professor at the National Technical University of Athens, Greece.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe material, derived from fossil fuels, is a vital part of modern life \u2013 used in everything from food packaging through to components in computers \u2013 but a lack of recycling and proper disposal has tainted its production, use and consumption. As part of its \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.europarc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Eu-plastics-strategy-brochure.pdf\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003Ecircular economy plastics strategy\u003C\/a\u003E, the European Union has committed to reducing plastic waste and has \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/energy-environment\/news\/recyclers-fret-as-eu-plastic-waste-export-ban-comes-into-force\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003Ebanned the export\u003C\/a\u003E of non-sorted plastic waste to foreign countries.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut to reduce plastic waste, governments and companies will need new technologies to cope with the rather complex task of recycling or repairing different types of plastic.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBroadly speaking, plastics are synthetic and semi-synthetic materials made up of polymers, which are long chains of repeating molecules, and there are thousands of different types of plastic. Each of these types has different compositions and characteristics \u2013 and there is no single method to recycle or reuse them.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018While certain commonly used plastics are widely recycled, plastics with more specialised uses often aren\u2019t,\u2019 said Prof. Charitidis, who is scientific coordinator of a project called \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/814588\u0022\u003ERepair3D\u003C\/a\u003E, which aims to find innovative uses for recycled thermoplastics and carbon fibres valorised from carbon-fibre reinforced polymers (CFRPs).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the project\u2019s first stage, researchers identified different plastic and CPRFs waste streams from industries such as the automotive and rigid packing industry. From there, they worked to recycle these materials into pellets or filaments so that they could be made into other products through additive manufacturing.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\u0022tw-text-center tw-text-blue tw-font-bold tw-text-2xl lg:tw-w-1\/2 tw-border-2 tw-border-blue tw-p-12 tw-my-8 lg:tw-m-12 lg:tw--ml-16 tw-float-left\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cspan class=\u0022tw-text-5xl tw-rotate-180\u0022\u003E\u201c\u003C\/span\u003E\n \u003Cp class=\u0022tw-font-serif tw-italic\u0022\u003E\u2018While certain commonly used plastics are widely recycled, plastics with more specialised uses often aren\u2019t.\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cfooter\u003E\n \u003Ccite class=\u0022tw-not-italic tw-font-normal tw-text-sm tw-text-black\u0022\u003EProfessor Costas Charitidis, National Technical University of Athens, Greece \u003C\/cite\u003E\n \u003C\/footer\u003E\n\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3D printing\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAdditive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a technology that builds 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, most commonly plastic. The blueprint for the component is contained in a computer file that can be shared or uploaded. Increasingly, manufacturers are \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/euagenda.eu\/upload\/publications\/untitled-150334-ea.pdf\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003Eturning to this production method\u003C\/a\u003E because it enables them to create complex and custom objects quickly and sometimes remotely.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u20183D printing is at the heart of Repair3D,\u2019 said Prof. Charitidis. The next step in the project is to imbue the recycled plastics with carbon fibres and various nanoparticles to give them additional functionalities.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe project is working with several large industry partners in, for example, the automotive and sports sectors, to 3D print items ranging from car parts through to ski boots, as well as wearable electronics.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy adding different nanoparticles, it is possible to make printed objects self-sensing, self-repairing and recycling options, says Dr Tanja Kosanovic Milickovic, a chemist at the National Technical University of Athens who is part of the project. To create self-repairing plastics, for example, researchers add magnetic nanoparticles which, when exposed to a magnetic field, can create localised heat, melting and rebonding the broken polymers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, in addition to using recycled plastic to create new products, the resultant goods must themselves be recyclable, says Dr Milickovic. \u2018There is a balance between the properties of the products and recycling.\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy the end of the project, the team aims to have products that can be recycled and reused multiple times before they are finally disassembled and their nanoparticles removed.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022@alignleft@\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Each year about 400,000 tonnes of returnable transport plastic, which is the hard plastic used in pallets or plastic boxes, is damaged. Image credit - Markus Winkler \/ Unsplash\u0022 height=\u0022655\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/hm\/IMCEUpload\/markus-winkler-gjyfq6cle40-unsplash_0.jpg\u0022 title=\u0022Each year about 400,000 tonnes of returnable transport plastic, which is the hard plastic used in pallets or plastic boxes, is damaged. Image credit - Markus Winkler \/ Unsplash\u0022 width=\u0022983\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption class=\u0022tw-italic tw-mb-4\u0022\u003EEach year about 400,000 tonnes of returnable transport plastic, which is the hard plastic used in pallets or plastic boxes, is damaged. Image credit - Markus Winkler \/ Unsplash\u003C\/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C\/figure\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, recycling is only part of the answer for reducing waste, says Jon Garc\u00eda Armend\u00e1riz, a business developer at Spanish company \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.plasticrepair.es\/en\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003EPlastic Repair System (PRS)\u003C\/a\u003E. PRS focuses on \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/880032\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003Erepairing plastic products\u003C\/a\u003E, such as pallets and boxes, rather than letting them go to landfills or for recycling.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe company was initially established in 2011 to repair municipal solid waste containers, but it soon became apparent that there were many other applications for their technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEach year about 400,000 tonnes of returnable transport plastic, which is the hard plastic used in pallets or plastic boxes, is damaged. \u2018Historically, people have been throwing away old items and buying new ones,\u2019 said Armend\u00e1riz.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo repair the plastic, PRS technicians prepare the broken part of the object, inject new plastic, and reshape the repaired section.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis option is significantly cheaper than buying a new product and greener than recycling the entire object, says Armend\u00e1riz.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETheir current process is hard work, though, because each item is custom repaired. \u2018This is one of the problems we have: we are working manually,\u2019 he said. \u2018We need people because each pallet that is broken is different, no two are exactly the same.\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe team is currently working to automate the process for Euro containers or KLT boxes. These ubiquitous industrial stacking containers were originally used by the German automotive industry, but soon spread to other industries like shipping and manufacturing. This automation will allow PRS to repair more boxes quickly. Currently, it repairs about 10,000 plastic items a month, says Armend\u00e1riz, and the company estimates that its work\u0026nbsp;helped \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.plasticrepair.es\/en\/prs-saved-over-7-114-tonnes-of-co2-in-2019\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003Eavoid 7,114 tonnes of CO2 emissions in 2019\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHeadquartered in Spain, the company has three workshops in their home country and one in Mexico. It also has 13 other workshops in partnership with big pallet users, near their premises, to cut down on transportation costs. Its expansion plans will see PRS spreading to the rest of Europe by 2030.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere will increasingly be demand for plastic repair and recycling as companies and local governments work to move their operations in line with the European Union\u2019s new regulations \u2013 both to curb plastic waste and to keep it within the bloc\u2019s borders.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd this is where further research into new methods and technologies is crucial. \u2018Today recycling (of CFRPs) is very expensive,\u2019 said Repair3D\u2019s Prof. Charitidis. \u2018So we have a huge challenge to make recycling more cost effective.\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe research in this article was funded by the EU. 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