[{"command":"openDialog","selector":"#drupal-modal","settings":null,"data":"\u003Cdiv id=\u0022republish_modal_form\u0022\u003E\u003Cform class=\u0022modal-form-example-modal-form ecl-form\u0022 data-drupal-selector=\u0022modal-form-example-modal-form\u0022 action=\u0022\/en\/article\/modal\/7316\u0022 method=\u0022post\u0022 id=\u0022modal-form-example-modal-form\u0022 accept-charset=\u0022UTF-8\u0022\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHorizon articles can be republished for free under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EYou must give appropriate credit. We ask you to do this by:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n 1) Using the original journalist\u0027s byline\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n 2) Linking back to our original story\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n 3) Using the following text in the footer: This article was originally published in \u003Ca href=\u0027#\u0027\u003EHorizon, the EU Research and Innovation magazine\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003ESee our full republication guidelines \u003Ca href=\u0027\/horizon-magazine\/republish-our-stories\u0027\u003Ehere\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EHTML for this article, including the attribution and page view counter, is below:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textarea form-item-body-content js-form-item-body-content ecl-form-group ecl-form-group--text-area form-no-label ecl-u-mv-m\u0022\u003E\n \n\u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Ctextarea data-drupal-selector=\u0022edit-body-content\u0022 aria-describedby=\u0022edit-body-content--description\u0022 id=\u0022edit-body-content\u0022 name=\u0022body_content\u0022 rows=\u00225\u0022 cols=\u002260\u0022 class=\u0022form-textarea ecl-text-area\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ELightweight, bendy, cheaper \u2013 the promise of organic solar panels\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe standard solar panels we see on homes and businesses are made from crystalline silicon. These rigid photovoltaic (PV) panels convert light into electricity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThey weigh 20 to 30 kilogrammes per square metre and so cannot be placed easily onto all building roofs or onto facades. There is an alternative and more flexible competitor to silicon PVs, however.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInstead of silicon, researchers in Europe are working on organic photovoltaic (OPV) technologies. Organic simply means carbon-containing molecules and OPVs can be thought of as plastic solar cells. They offer advantages over silicon-based solar panels.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018Their manufacture process (has the potential to be) cheaper, they are lightweight, offer flexibility in their architecture and in principle they can be more environmentally friendly,\u2019 said Dr Francesca Fassioli, a theoretical physicist at Princeton University, US.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPlastic solar panels can weigh around 500g per square metre \u2013 more than 40 times lighter than their silicon counterparts. Plastic panels can be attached to the fronts of buildings or placed on the roofs of buildings that might struggle to safely support standard solar panels.\u0026nbsp;Organic solar cells are also much thinner than silicon solar cells, offering substantial savings on materials, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.azocleantech.com\/article.aspx?ArticleID=835\u0022\u003Ewhich is good for the environment\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn theory, plastic solar cells should also be easier to manufacture. \u2018The main difference between silicon technologies and OPV is that we are able to print it or coat it onto something as a thin film,\u2019 said Damien Hau, research, development and innovation manager at \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.armor-group.com\/en\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003EArmor\u003C\/a\u003E, an engineering company headquartered in Nantes, France.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of the company\u2019s first such products, launched last year, has been installed on commercial greenhouses near Nantes to provide shade and generate electricity. Armor recently bought a German company, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/opvius.com\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003EOpvius\u003C\/a\u003E, that specialises in designing shaped plastic solar panels that could be used decoratively on buildings.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOrganic PVs can be as thin as a few millimetres in thickness and can be placed onto plastic polyester films.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EArmor has created thin semi-transparent OPVs that can be fitted inside windowpanes, so that office windows could filter out some sunlight while turning it into electricity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022@alignleft@\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Films containing organic solar cells means they can be integrated into everyday objects such as benches. Image credit - ARMOR\/GerArchitektur\u0022 height=\u0022517\u0022 src=\u0022\/research-and-innovation\/sites\/default\/files\/hm\/IMCEUpload\/body_0.jpg\u0022 title=\u0022Films containing organic solar cells means they can be integrated into everyday objects such as benches. Image credit - ARMOR\/GerArchitektur\u0022 width=\u0022800\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption class=\u0022tw-italic tw-mb-4\u0022\u003EFilms containing organic solar cells means they can be integrated into everyday objects such as benches. Image credit - ARMOR\/GerArchitektur\u003C\/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C\/figure\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAlternative\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile most standard solar panels are imports, plastic solar panels are a new technology that companies in Europe can push forward as an alternative.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlmost 90% of all PV panels around the world today are made from crystalline silicon, which is an established technology on the market for decades. Typically they can convert \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/eere\/solar\/crystalline-silicon-photovoltaics-research\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003E18% to 22%\u003C\/a\u003E of the energy from sunlight into electricity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOrganic PV panels are a newer technology and have the disadvantage of lower efficiencies and higher production costs \u2013 partly because it is such a small industry, for now.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018These are the two issues that our new project BOOSTER is working to solve,\u2019 said Hau, referring to a new \u20ac6 million \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/952911\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003Eresearch project\u003C\/a\u003E that his company is leading. The consortium will work on the best light-harvesting molecules, which in labs can approach 17% efficiency today. Standard panels generate 150 to 200 watts per square metre, whereas commercial OPVs generate 40 watts per square metre. BOOSTER aims to get this up to 150 watts.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt will push also towards lower costs for producing plastic solar panels. As a newer technology, some of the components were not designed for these solar panels but taken from other devices.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor example, as an organic material, plastic solar panels need shielding from ultraviolet radiation. Today, a thin film is used that is needlessly expensive. This is because it was developed to protect organic light-emitting diode (OLED) screens, which are in \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.which.co.uk\/reviews\/televisions\/article\/tv-screen-technology-explained\/what-is-oled-tv\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003Ehigh-end televisions\u003C\/a\u003E and require flawless films.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\u0022tw-text-center tw-text-blue tw-font-bold tw-text-2xl lg:tw-w-1\/2 tw-border-2 tw-border-blue tw-p-12 tw-my-8 lg:tw-m-12 lg:tw--ml-16 tw-float-left\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cspan class=\u0022tw-text-5xl tw-rotate-180\u0022\u003E\u201c\u003C\/span\u003E\n \u003Cp class=\u0022tw-font-serif tw-italic\u0022\u003E\u2018(Organic solar cells) are lightweight, offer flexibility in their architecture and in principle they can be more environmentally friendly.\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cfooter\u003E\n \u003Ccite class=\u0022tw-not-italic tw-font-normal tw-text-sm tw-text-black\u0022\u003EDr Francesca Fassioli, Princeton University, US \u003C\/cite\u003E\n \u003C\/footer\u003E\n\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018We don\u2019t require that same quality for a barrier for OPV technology,\u2019 Hau explained. A newly designed film specific for plastic solar panels could be far less expensive but still get the job done.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe project consortium, which consists of companies and academic partners, will make two demo products. First, a stick-on solar panel that can be attached to a door or floor or car or roof. \u2018This is to prove that there is another way to do solar panels,\u2019 Hau said. The sticky light-harvesting material will be installed on the headquarters of the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.eni.com\/en-IT\/home.html\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003Eenergy company ENI\u003C\/a\u003E in Rome, Italy.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA second demo product will see the plastic solar panel attached to textiles, of the sort that often cover buildings under renovation. This will be installed on a university building in Nuremberg, Germany, by a partner in the project.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPlanting seeds\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile researchers here hope their efforts on organic PVs will bear commercial fruits in the very near future, other scientists are planting the seeds of future advances in solar power. This is the case with theoretical physicist Dr Fassioli, who will soon join the group of \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/cm.sissa.it\/people\/members.php?ID=8\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003EProfessor Stefano Baroni\u003C\/a\u003E at \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/cm.sissa.it\/index\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003ESISSA\u003C\/a\u003E in Trieste, Italy.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETheoretical physicists use mathematical models and theory to explain the world around us, ideas which are then tested in experiments by others. Albert Einstein who revolutionised physics with ideas, pen and paper is perhaps the most famous theoretical physicist.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn her \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/799408\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022\u003EQuESt project\u003C\/a\u003E, Dr Fassioli will therefore not be handling prototype solar panels, but instead investigate the fundamentals of how organic molecules interact with light, in order to increase the power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018This is not about creating new molecules,\u2019 said Dr Fassioli, \u2018but about how to use the typical molecules in a more clever way.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo simplify, in a solar panel light is absorbed by molecules which become excited and release an electron, which creates electric current.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDr Fassioli considers how optical cavities can trap particles of light. Optical cavities essentially consist of two microscopic mirrors to trap light particles (photons). If you place a material inside an optical cavity, a photon is continuously swapped between the material and the cavity and this gives rise to a new hybrid state.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe strange hybrid (called a polariton) is made of both light and matter. The phenomenon involves quantum physics, so can seem counterintuitive, even weird.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis hybrid state \u2018can involve thousands or millions of molecules, such that the molecules no longer behave as independent,\u2019 said Dr Fassioli, \u2018but they become synchronised by the coupling to the light in the optical cavity.\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHer project will generate scientific publications and new knowledge and ideas about the interplay of matter and light. \u2018We think this synchronised collective behaviour of excited molecules can be exploited to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaics,\u2019 Dr Fassioli explained.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018This is a bottom-up approach in terms of understanding mechanisms that will modify the properties of (organic solar cells), rather than pursuing an immediate application for commercial applications,\u2019 noted Dr Fassioli. But the hope is that this work will in future years improve organic solar cells so that they convert more of the sun\u2019s rays into electricity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe research in this article was funded by the EU. If you liked this article, please consider sharing it on social media.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/textarea\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022edit-body-content--description\u0022 class=\u0022ecl-help-block description\u0022\u003E\n Please copy the above code and embed it onto your website to republish.\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cinput autocomplete=\u0022off\u0022 data-drupal-selector=\u0022form-ghtfijhafz7bvcd-i7xa7jswtavsceiczxs-ms8hg7q\u0022 type=\u0022hidden\u0022 name=\u0022form_build_id\u0022 value=\u0022form-GhtFIJHAfZ7BVcD_i7xA7jSWtavSCEIcZxS_mS8hG7Q\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Cinput data-drupal-selector=\u0022edit-modal-form-example-modal-form\u0022 type=\u0022hidden\u0022 name=\u0022form_id\u0022 value=\u0022modal_form_example_modal_form\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003C\/form\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","dialogOptions":{"width":"800","modal":true,"title":"Republish this content"}}]