[{"command":"openDialog","selector":"#drupal-modal","settings":null,"data":"\u003Cdiv id=\u0022republish_modal_form\u0022\u003E\u003Cform class=\u0022modal-form-example-modal-form ecl-form\u0022 data-drupal-selector=\u0022modal-form-example-modal-form\u0022 action=\u0022\/en\/article\/modal\/6073\u0022 method=\u0022post\u0022 id=\u0022modal-form-example-modal-form\u0022 accept-charset=\u0022UTF-8\u0022\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHorizon articles can be republished for free under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EYou must give appropriate credit. We ask you to do this by:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n 1) Using the original journalist\u0027s byline\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n 2) Linking back to our original story\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n 3) Using the following text in the footer: This article was originally published in \u003Ca href=\u0027#\u0027\u003EHorizon, the EU Research and Innovation magazine\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003ESee our full republication guidelines \u003Ca href=\u0027\/horizon-magazine\/republish-our-stories\u0027\u003Ehere\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EHTML for this article, including the attribution and page view counter, is below:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textarea form-item-body-content js-form-item-body-content ecl-form-group ecl-form-group--text-area form-no-label ecl-u-mv-m\u0022\u003E\n \n\u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Ctextarea data-drupal-selector=\u0022edit-body-content\u0022 aria-describedby=\u0022edit-body-content--description\u0022 id=\u0022edit-body-content\u0022 name=\u0022body_content\u0022 rows=\u00225\u0022 cols=\u002260\u0022 class=\u0022form-textarea ecl-text-area\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EThe extra-filling foods that could help control your appetite\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt\u2019s part of a new approach to weight management that considers how satiety \u2013 or fullness \u2013 affects what we eat and why.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearchers on the EU-funded SATIN project are using a mechanical model of the digestive system to help them develop a range of pre-processed foods that could be available in supermarkets in future, including bread, juices and sodas.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018Nobody has ever studied a satiety-based approach to weight management,\u2019 said \u003Cspan\u003EProfessor Jason Halford, of the University of Liverpool, who coordinates SATIN\u003C\/span\u003E. \u2018We need to demonstrate that it\u2019s a viable long-term approach \u2013 that\u2019s hopefully what SATIN will deliver.\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe appetite-satisying foods produced by the five-year SATIN project are being tested both in the model \u003Cspan\u003Edigestive system and in\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Esix clinical trials. The human studies are testing the foods for their ability to help with weight loss and final results are expected in 2016.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018We can increase the likelihood of success in the clinical trials by optimising the food and its ingredients in this in vitro model beforehand,\u2019 said \u003Cspan\u003EProf. Halford\u003C\/span\u003E. \u2018It may be that you need to change the food structure or ingredient types, or protect a certain ingredient through encapsulation, so that it gets to where it\u0027s got to go to improve satiety,\u2019 he said. \u003Cblockquote class=\u0022tw-text-center tw-text-blue tw-font-bold tw-text-2xl lg:tw-w-1\/2 tw-border-2 tw-border-blue tw-p-12 tw-my-8 lg:tw-m-12 lg:tw--ml-16 tw-float-left\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cspan class=\u0022tw-text-5xl tw-rotate-180\u0022\u003E\u201c\u003C\/span\u003E\n \u003Cp class=\u0022tw-font-serif tw-italic\u0022\u003E\u2018Everyone considers food to be a major part of the obesity problem, but can we manipulate it and make it part of the solution as well?\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cfooter\u003E\n \u003Ccite class=\u0022tw-not-italic tw-font-normal tw-text-sm tw-text-black\u0022\u003EProfessor Julian Mercer, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, UK\u003C\/cite\u003E\n \u003C\/footer\u003E\n\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGut simulator\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe working model is a mechanical \u2018industrial cabinet\u2019 that simulates the different processes going on as food travels through the gastrointestinal tract. There are five reactors which imitate the digestive processes occurring in the stomach, small intestine and three parts of the large intestine. It includes physical pumping and pH control, as well as features such as mucus on the gut wall and the bacteria that adhere to it.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe components of food, as well as the food itself\u0026nbsp;\u2013 such as a slice of bread\u0026nbsp;\u2013 are put into the simulator and then extracted at various points in the system for testing in human cell cultures, to measure the cells\u2019 satiety response.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018They can be cell lines that express specific hormones related to the satiety cascade,\u2019 said Dr Massimo Marzorati, who co-founded the lab services company\u0026nbsp;ProDigest which is running the gut simulator part of the SATIN project. \u2018These are the hormones that normally send signals to the brain to say, \u201coh, I feel full,\u201d.\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDifferent foods produce different hormone responses at different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, so the aim is to deliver the right nutrient signals to the right parts of the gut to get a powerful suppression of appetite. Other indicators, such as the expansion of food in the gut, can also be measured.\u003Cspan class=\u0022img_legend\u0022 style=\u0022float: left;\u0022\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Researchers have created a working model of the human digestive system. Image: ProDigest\u0022 height=\u0022140\u0022 src=\u0022\/research-and-innovation\/sites\/default\/files\/hm\/ProDigest.jpg\u0022 title=\u0022Researchers have created a working model of the human digestive system. Image: ProDigest\u0022 width=\u0022200\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption class=\u0022tw-italic tw-mb-4\u0022\u003EResearchers have created a working model of the human digestive system. Image: ProDigest\u003C\/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C\/figure\u003E\n\u003Cem\u003EResearchers have created a working model of the human digestive system. Image: ProDigest\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers hope that, given a wide enough range of satiating food options, people will be able to moderate their daily energy intake more easily than through restrictive dieting. The foods could become part of the battery of measures that help combat obesity, which is now a major public health problem in Europe.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe project will also publish a satiety cookbook for people who want to learn how to cook more filling meals at home. \u2018SATIN is helping the food industry to be part of the solution, not just part of the problem,\u2019 said Prof. Halford.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EControlling weight\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EProfessor Julian Mercer from the University of Aberdeen, UK, is a partner on the EU-funded SATIN project, and hopes that satiety-enhancing food products can help people to control their weight. \u2018Everyone considers food to be a major part of the obesity problem, but can we manipulate it and make it part of the solution as well?\u2019 he said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EProf. Mercer is also looking at satiety from another angle, as part of the Europe-wide Full4Health project. \u2018We are interested in gut-brain communication, and how food interacts with that,\u2019 he said. \u2018The two projects sit nicely alongside each other.\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFull4Health focuses on the mechanisms behind feeling full. This includes the signals sent by nerves in the gut, how these signals are integrated in the hypothalamus - which is involved in energy balance - the interaction of the hypothalamus with the higher brain reward centres, and, ultimately, how that translates into what we decide to eat at the next meal.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA major part of the work involves testing how satiety works in volunteers in different age groups, body weights and sexes. \u2018Potential ways of manipulating diet might be more effective in some strata of the population than others,\u2019 said Prof. Mercer. \u2018Ultimately we\u2019ll be putting these people into an MRI scanner to see how their brains respond to dietary challenge.\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the long term, a greater understanding of what makes us full could help people make better decisions about what they eat. For example, Prof. Mercer imagines that one day we could see a satiety index included on food packaging, although he said that if any such initiative were to be implemented it would be \u2018a long way down the road\u2019.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/textarea\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022edit-body-content--description\u0022 class=\u0022ecl-help-block description\u0022\u003E\n Please copy the above code and embed it onto your website to republish.\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cinput autocomplete=\u0022off\u0022 data-drupal-selector=\u0022form-kfiqo74zy4kvnsou-xgo9jm8zmorjahewn42o9i46pk\u0022 type=\u0022hidden\u0022 name=\u0022form_build_id\u0022 value=\u0022form-kFiQO74ZY4KVNsOu-XGo9jm8zMOrjahEwn42o9i46pk\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Cinput data-drupal-selector=\u0022edit-modal-form-example-modal-form\u0022 type=\u0022hidden\u0022 name=\u0022form_id\u0022 value=\u0022modal_form_example_modal_form\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003C\/form\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","dialogOptions":{"width":"800","modal":true,"title":"Republish this content"}}]