[{"command":"openDialog","selector":"#drupal-modal","settings":null,"data":"\u003Cdiv id=\u0022republish_modal_form\u0022\u003E\u003Cform class=\u0022modal-form-example-modal-form ecl-form\u0022 data-drupal-selector=\u0022modal-form-example-modal-form\u0022 action=\u0022\/en\/article\/modal\/11989\u0022 method=\u0022post\u0022 id=\u0022modal-form-example-modal-form\u0022 accept-charset=\u0022UTF-8\u0022\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHorizon articles can be republished for free under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EYou must give appropriate credit. We ask you to do this by:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n 1) Using the original journalist\u0027s byline\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n 2) Linking back to our original story\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n 3) Using the following text in the footer: This article was originally published in \u003Ca href=\u0027#\u0027\u003EHorizon, the EU Research and Innovation magazine\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003ESee our full republication guidelines \u003Ca href=\u0027\/horizon-magazine\/republish-our-stories\u0027\u003Ehere\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EHTML for this article, including the attribution and page view counter, is below:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textarea form-item-body-content js-form-item-body-content ecl-form-group ecl-form-group--text-area form-no-label ecl-u-mv-m\u0022\u003E\n \n\u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Ctextarea data-drupal-selector=\u0022edit-body-content\u0022 aria-describedby=\u0022edit-body-content--description\u0022 id=\u0022edit-body-content\u0022 name=\u0022body_content\u0022 rows=\u00225\u0022 cols=\u002260\u0022 class=\u0022form-textarea ecl-text-area\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ENew power cables in Europe to make energy cheaper and more sustainable \u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen news articles appeared in 2021 about a slowdown in copper production and concerns about being able to meet future demand for the metal, Dr Anders Wulff became concerned.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs an engineer, Wulff understood better than most people that the current generation of power grids in Europe and elsewhere would be unable to function without copper. The reddish metal is the conductor in electricity cables and, without it, there\u2019d be no way to transmit power over long distances.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECeramic cable\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWulff is involved in an innovation project that received EU funding to develop a cable made of something very different: ceramics.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018It\u2019s basically the same material you would use for coffee cups or plates,\u2019 said Wulff, who is chief executive officer of SUBRA, a Danish superconductor manufacturer. \u2018My coffee cup is rigid, but if I thin down the walls to a few micrometres I can start bending it.\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESUBRA makes electric cables based on superconductor technology and is accelerating this work in a new EU-backed project called\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/190185467\u0022\u003ESUBRACABLE\u003C\/a\u003E, which will run for two years until August 2025.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESuperconductors are materials that, at low temperatures, conduct electricity without any electrical resistance. A special type of ceramics are among numerous materials that can become superconducting at low temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne advantage of superconductor technology is that it is much less reliant on copper, which is used in these new cables only to a limited extent to provide structural support for the otherwise brittle superconductor.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESavings bonus\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother key advantage is that, because of the lack of electrical resistance, superconductors waste much less energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo understand how, consider the basics of an electric current and the example of a toaster.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen an electric current runs through a material, there is some resistance. In a toaster, the heating element, called the coil, has a particularly high resistance to electricity.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\u0022tw-text-center tw-text-blue tw-font-bold tw-text-2xl lg:tw-w-1\/2 tw-border-2 tw-border-blue tw-p-12 tw-my-8 lg:tw-m-12 lg:tw--ml-16 tw-float-left\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cspan class=\u0022tw-text-5xl tw-rotate-180\u0022\u003E\u201c\u003C\/span\u003E\n \u003Cp class=\u0022tw-font-serif tw-italic\u0022\u003EWe\u2019re going to need a doubling or tripling of the transmission rate of electricity today if we want to move away from fossil fuels.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cfooter\u003E\n \u003Ccite class=\u0022tw-not-italic tw-font-normal tw-text-sm tw-text-black\u0022\u003EDr Anders Wulff, SUBRACABLE \u003C\/cite\u003E\n \u003C\/footer\u003E\n\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen the electricity runs through the toaster\u2019s coil, a lot of that energy is converted into heat as a result of the high resistance. This is what produces the heat that toasts the bread.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile in power grids the resistance is considerably lower than in toasters, it is nonetheless significant. In 2020, around\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/15\/23\/8857\u0022\u003E16%\u003C\/a\u003E of energy in Europe was lost while moving electricity around the continent.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy contrast, superconductor cables are able, at low temperatures generated using cost-effective cooling solutions, to conduct electricity without losing any electrical energy to heat. That offers the prospect of reducing energy losses and, by extension, energy demand.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWasting less energy would help the world curb greenhouse gas emissions that are accelerating climate change, adding to the urgency of building a larger and more efficient electricity grid.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018We\u2019re going to need a doubling or tripling of the transmission rate of electricity today if we want to move away from fossil fuels,\u2019 said Wulff.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPromising prototype\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the SUBRACABLE project, the company has so far produced small prototypes \u2013 less than a metre in length \u2013 of\u0026nbsp;an innovative superconductor cable made with ceramics. By making the leap from the currently used flat tape technology to a bundled cable option, they hope to be able to overcome existing barriers to the scalable and cost-effective production of superconductor cables.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe prototype uses 99% less copper and has a 90% reduction in energy loss compared to conventional copper cables.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFurthermore, the SUBRA cable has an advantage over other superconductors on the market: less challenging temperature requirements.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUsually, superconductors must be cooled to extremely low temperatures to work \u2013 as low as minus 270 degrees Celsius.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe SUBRACABLE prototype is a high-temperature superconductor, meaning less need to cool. The required temperature is around minus 196 degrees Celsius, making it about 100 times cheaper to cool than the low-temperature superconductors.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018The Holy Grail of human society would be skipping the cooling part,\u2019 said Wulff. \u2018We have come as close as possible to that, though we still need the cooling.\u2019\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESUBRA hopes to produce a 50-metre test version of the cable over the next year and a 400-metre full demonstration cable within 18 months from now.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy 2027, the company aims to establish a new, fully operational factory for volume production of the cables, according to Wulff.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERenewables race\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDeploying superconducting cables to accelerate the transition to cleaner energy is the goal of another EU-funded project. Called\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/101075602\u0022\u003ESCARLET\u003C\/a\u003E, it runs for four and a half years through February 2027.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearchers are carrying out modelling work on two potential cables with the aim of starting tests on prototypes in early 2026.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cblockquote class=\u0022tw-text-center tw-text-blue tw-font-bold tw-text-2xl lg:tw-w-1\/2 tw-border-2 tw-border-blue tw-p-12 tw-my-8 lg:tw-m-12 lg:tw--ml-16 tw-float-left\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cspan class=\u0022tw-text-5xl tw-rotate-180\u0022\u003E\u201c\u003C\/span\u003E\n \u003Cp class=\u0022tw-font-serif tw-italic\u0022\u003EIf you want to change a technology that has been working for 50 to 100 years already, there needs to be a big benefit.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Cfooter\u003E\n \u003Ccite class=\u0022tw-not-italic tw-font-normal tw-text-sm tw-text-black\u0022\u003EDr Niklas Magnusson, SCARLET\u003C\/cite\u003E\n \u003C\/footer\u003E\n\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne cable is a high-temperature conductor similar to SUBRACABLE, while the other is made of magnesium diboride \u2013 a dark grey compound formed from a reaction of magnesium and boron together at high temperatures.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018The idea is that the cables should be ready to be produced after the project for anyone who wants to buy them,\u2019 said Dr Niklas Magnusson, an engineer at Norway-based independent research organisation SINTEF and co-ordinator of SCARLET.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECost drops\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers are seeking to reduce the costs of setting up infrastructure for sources of renewable energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOn offshore wind farms, for example, large platforms collect all the electrical energy generated by the turbines. Roughly the size of half a football stadium, the platforms contain plenty of equipment like an AC\/DC converter necessary for delivering the electricity to shore.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA superconducting cable renders a good deal of that equipment unnecessary. Typically, electricity is sent to shore in high-voltage cables, requiring large conversion and transformer stations on the collector platform.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBecause superconductors have no resistance, they can carry high currents, making the costly transformation into high voltage unnecessary.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo, for example, on a wind farm producing a gigawatt of energy, around 10 000 tonnes of material on the platform could be removed, according to Magnusson.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHe estimates that the use of a superconducting cable on a wind farm can reduce the costs of setting it up by about 15%.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESuch savings could be crucial as the EU pursues a goal to increase the share of renewable energy to at least\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/energy.ec.europa.eu\/topics\/renewable-energy\/renewable-energy-directive-targets-and-rules\/renewable-energy-targets_en\u0022\u003E42.5%\u003C\/a\u003E of consumption in 2030 from 23% in 2022.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBottom-line gains are all the more important because a big market obstacle for superconducting cables is an entrenched habit resulting from the power industry\u2019s decades of reliance on copper, according to Magnusson.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2018If you want to change a technology that has been working for 50 to 100 years already, there needs to be a big benefit,\u2019 he said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EResearch in this article was funded by the EU\u2019s Horizon Programme including, in the case of SUBRACABLE, via the European Innovation Council (EIC). The views of the interviewees don\u2019t necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. 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